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Strategy how to deal with a fear before surgery
ROSOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with the strategies that the nurse uses in her practice to alleviate preoperative fear in patients. Waiting for surgery or being taken to the operating room can be stressful events for the patient. The overall mental state of the patient has a significant effect on the postoperative outcome, especially on the length of hospitalization or infection. The aim of the research was to find out patients' expectations from nurses and their attitude to nursing interventions to manage fear, factors influencing patients' fear, communication techniques of nurses and information that nurses provide to patients in the preoperative period. The research was carried out using a qualitative method, the technique of semi-structured interviews. The obtained data was analyzed by the technique of open coding with subsequent division into categories and subcategories. The research sample consisted of two groups of respondents. The first research sample was general nurses working in the surgical department. The second research sample consisted of patients who were hospitalized in the surgical department due to surgery. 21 open-ended questions were used to interview general nurses, focusing on information provided by the general nurse in the preoperative period, measures related to the COVID 19 pandemic and their impact on preoperative preparation, but also on nurse interventions used to alleviate patients' fears. 24 open-ended questions were used to interview patients, focusing on the impact of the hospital environment, factors affecting the patient's fear, awareness in the preoperative period, or COVID 19 measures and their effects on the patient. The results of the research survey showed that medical staff, the family and the hospital environment have a major impact on reducing fear. For the interviewed patients, the approach of general nurses, the influence of co-patients, the family and awareness have an irreplaceable role in reducing preoperative fear. The interviewed nurses consider the most important intervention to be an individual and empathic approach, proper education with an explanation of all risks. They use educational cards or notice boards for education. Measuring fear instruments are not used in practice. The patient's expressed confidence in the medical staff has a fundamental effect on reducing preoperative fear. The output of the work is the creation of a new scale for measuring preoperative fear. This scale should very easily and quickly find out how much fear the patient is experiencing.
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Crisis assistance at the Police of the Czech Republic
NOVOTNÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor's thesis introduces its readers with term of crisis and with term of crisis assistance as the crisis intervention or first psychic aid, when, however there the crisis assistance of the Police of the Czech Republic represent the key part of the work with an emphasis on their evaluation in terms of standards of psychosocial assistance and cooperation. The aim of this thesis is to show the differentiation in the field of care of the members of Police of the Czech Republic, using literature, whereas, as regards the comparation, the professional psychological care and the standards of psychosocial assistance have the considerable task.
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Impact on life quality in patients with vitiligo
MALČICOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis focuses on vitiligo and its impact on the life quality of patients suffering the disease. Vitiligo is a relatively frequent acquired disorder which causes depigmentation of parts of the skin. The depigmented spots can be of different shapes and extent. Vitiligo is a chronic disease process and the actual cause of the disease is still unknown. One of the presumable causes is the immune system; this is why it is not easily cured. The treatment is a long-term process and requires great patience from both the patient and the medical team. Vitiligo is a major problem for the patient as it disturbs their physical appearance and thus influences the psychological well being of the patient; so vitiligo can also have a psychosocial impact. In our research we set two main goals. The first of them was to define the role of nurses in the treatment of vitiligo. The other goal was to enquire about the impact of vitiligo on the life quality of the patients. For the research we formulated two questions: 1.What is the role of a nurse in the treatment of a vitiligo patient? 2. What is the impact of vitiligo on the life quality of the patient? For the empirical part of the bachelor thesis we used a qualitative research method based on a semi-structured interview. The first interrogated group consisted of four nurses from the South Bohemian and the South Moravian region; these nurses work in dermatology centres that offer phototherapeutic treatment. The other group comprised patients suffering vitiligo; we interviewed three patients from Austria and one patient from the Czech Republic. The respondents suffering from vitiligo were also to complete a Dermatological Index of Life Quality questionnaire. The questionnaire was then evaluated according to a key and the results were filled into a chart. The interviews consisted of 18 questions for the vitiligo patients and 10 questions for the caring nurses. The interviews were recorded on a dictaphone and later written down and brought into a Word document. For the evaluation of the data we used the open coding method using a pencil and paper. After the data analysis we defined the following categories: The Role of Nurses with the subcategory Alterations to the Role of Nurses, category Psychological Support with subcategories Attitude of Nurses, Psychical Needs of Patients, Alterations in Psychical Condition of the Patient, category Reaction to Detection of Vitiligo with the subcategories Reaction of the Patient, Reaction of Patient´s Environment, category Psychological Problems with the subcategories Patients´ Feelings and Solution to the Problems, category First Visit to the Doctor and category Significance of Vitiligo. The research suggests that the most important aspect of the nurses´ help during the patient´s treatment is the educational aspect. The other aspects are in the opinion of our respondents the health care providing aspect, and the help of a nurse as a manager. The evaluation of the life quality questionnaire brought the following results: two respondents saw only a small impact of the disease on their life quality. One respondent stated a slightly worsened quality of life and in one of the respondents the life quality was worsened significantly. According to the interviews, the vitiligo patients are slightly restrained during activities when exposed to sun due to an easy sunburnt. None of the respondents stated an influence on their relationships or hobbies. Two respondents mentioned worries concerning finding a partner and establishing a family. Our research showed that the greatest impact of vitiligo is on the psyche of the patient. Thus we assume that a psychological support should be an essential component of the treatment. I would like to present the results of this bachelor thesis as a review in some professional magazine. I would also be glad if the thesis could be an inspiration to a quantitative research on the topic.
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IMPACT OF WORKLOAD ON THE MENTAL STATE OF THE POLICEMEN IN SPECIAL FORCES
HOŠKOVÁ, Šárka
The thesis deals with the workload influence on the mental status of police officers in elite formations. I have focused specifically on the Rapid Deployment Unit and the Unit for the Protection of Constitutional Officials. I have been interested not only in the workload and its effects on the psyche but as well on differences between these two elite formations. Their job may appear to be pretty similar from a layman?s perspective but there are more differences between them than it seems at first glance. The purpose of this thesis is to map the workload influence and psychological burden of these two special units. My next objective is to identify the extent of stress prevention and workload compensation in terms of comprehensive health promotion within the two elite formations. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part introduces the organization and activities of both departments while defining some basic terms - stress, coping with stress and the consequences of stress such as burnout syndrome or post traumatic syndrome. The empirical part presents the methodology and organization of the research investigation which has been performed by the quantitative method of questionnaire surveys. This part will also offer an evaluation of the data and assumptions arising from the objectives along with my recommendations for practice.
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Professional rescuer´s experience of their job fulfilment
PETRÁŠOVÁ, Barbora
The profession of a rescuer is considered to be as one of the most dangerous, due to extreme physical and psychical stress. It is generally assumed that the quality of the work is, besides other factors, relevant to what the staff feel, whether they feel satisfaction or frustration in their work. The above mentioned satisfaction is rooted in the sense of the work. Different levels of motivation are determined by different approaches. The aim of the thesis is monitoring the character of experience referring to the sense of South Bohemian firebrigade{\crq}s work, to their value systems, to their motivations to work and their abilities to cope with extreme stresses of their work.
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